Major Banks at the Crossroads: Climate Commitments Crumble as Fossil Fuel Financing Surges
June 23, 2025
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5 mins read
U.S. banks have dramatically increased fossil fuel financing in a notable contradiction with the narrative established after COP26. According to the 2025 Banking on Climate Chaos report, compiled by the Rainforest Action Network and its partners, global banks significantly scaled up their support for the fossil fuel industry in 2024, with a staggering $162 billion increase, pushing total financing to $869 billion.
U.S. institutions are at the forefront of this backslide. JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, Citigroup, and Wells Fargo accounted for one-third of global fossil fuel financing, approximately $289 billion. JPMorgan alone provided $53.5 billion, a 35% rise in funding that placed it at the top of the global list. Bank of America and Citi each contributed over $44 billion, while Barclays led among European banks, increasing its lending by 55% ($35.4 billion).
Why the Sudden Surge?
This resurgence coincides with the political shift in the U.S. following the Trump administration’s departure from the Paris Agreement and weakened climate policies. In parallel, several major banks have exited the Net-Zero Banking Alliance, prompting environmental groups to accuse them of “walking away from climate commitments.”
What This Means for Climate Risk
The spike in fossil fuel financing carries profound implications. First, it increases banks’ exposure to climate liability risk. A Financial Times analysis cites growing concerns that banks may face litigation due to their financing practices in relation to climate change. Second, funneling money back into carbon-intensive sectors undermines global efforts to limit warming to 1.5 °C; long-term goals rest on systemic transitions away from fossil fuels.
Public Relations vs. Funding Reality
Banks have defended their actions by emphasizing fossil fuels and clean energy investments. JPMorgan, for instance, claims it invested $1.29 in green energy for every dollar in fossil fuel financing. Nevertheless, critics argue that green financing claims ring hollow when fossil fuel funding is simultaneously ramping up.
Rebuilding Credibility in Sustainable Finance
The disconnect between words and actions is a challenge for the financial sector. With growing scrutiny on climate claims, stakeholders demand greater transparency and accountability. Greenwashing has evolved from a reputational issue to a regulatory one, impacting trust and market access. Banks that emphasize climate commitments while increasing fossil fuel investments risk losing credibility. To maintain stakeholder confidence, a genuine transition to clean energy financing is crucial. Trust now hinges on consistent actions rather than just marketing promises, allowing us to build a sustainable future together.
SESAMm’s AI Technology Reveals ESG Insights
Discover unparalleled insights into ESG controversies, risks, and opportunities across industries. Learn more about how SESAMm can help you analyze millions of private and public companies using AI-powered text analysis tools.
One of the biggest challenges in risk monitoring is sifting through mountains of irrelevant data. Whether you're using search engines, financial news platforms, or even specialized in-house analytics, you end up with too much noise. Scrolling through to page 12 of Google is not only time-consuming, but leaves you with the nagging feeling that you could still be missing something.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a hot topic, with new breakthroughs and possible applications popping up every day. The question is no longer simply “can AI help me with that?” but rather “how can I use AI to help with that?” For Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) controversy and risk monitoring, AI is used to sift through enormous data sets at unparalleled speeds, bringing critical insights to the forefront faster and more efficiently than humanly possible.
When there are hundreds of companies to monitor, for example in a large investment portfolio or a group of suppliers, the advantages of AI are obvious. But what about smaller portfolios? How do you know it’s time to start using AI? Based on our experience working with private equity firms, asset managers and commercial banks, we’ve pulled together five signs that it’s time to consider AI.
1. Overwhelmed by Data: There's Too Much Noise
An AI-powered tool filters out the noise, even in situations where seemingly only humans would be able to do it, giving you the peace of mind that there’s no controversy lurking in the dark corners of the web. All of the key information is gathered in one place, ready for you to evaluate and decide the best course of action.
2. Difficulty Finding Critical Information: The Black Hole of Private Companies
On the flip side - sometimes instead of finding too much data, you can’t find any data at all. For private companies, information can be scarce, especially for smaller companies based overseas, where the only news coverage is local and in the local language. In this case, ESG ratings agencies often aren’t able to fill the gap either. There are millions of firms worldwide and less than 50,000 of them are covered by rating agencies (source).
AI, on the other hand, enables systematic coverage and statistically relevant results without human intervention, analyzing millions of websites and providing coverage on millions of public & private companies. If you are struggling to find information on a company, AI might be the answer.
3. Can't Accurately Analyze an Event: The Context is Missing
Beyond the actual controversy or event itself, understanding the context and history around it is essential for risk assessment. Is this a one-off concern or part of a recurring pattern? To get the full picture, you need to take a closer look not only at the company in question, but the key players, i.e. key executives, and the industry as a whole to understand if this is within the norms.
AI has an important role to play here also. By simply expanding the search, AI can provide you with a full picture of the controversy, including a quick summary and a benchmark against competitors in just a matter of minutes.
4. Missed Critical Window for Action: The Cost of Inefficiency
Markets can change quickly - and it’s only getting worse as information is spreading faster and more widely. The more time it takes you to gather and analyze information, the less time you have to react. This can be a challenge whether you are monitoring 30 companies or 100’s. If you find yourself trapped in a cycle of reacting to news rather than acting proactively, AI can help. Because AI scans and analyzes information in seconds, the alerts to potential controversies are in near real-time, allowing you as much time as possible to take action.
5. Missing ESG Expertise: The Knowledge Gap
To top it all off, ESG is complex and constantly evolving. Understanding what data is relevant and how to evaluate it requires real expertise. ESG rating agencies provide some guidance, but they typically leverage self-reported data - which is naturally biased. Take greenwashing for example where a company misleads its stakeholders, investors, and consumers about its environmental practices by communicating positive environmental performance contrary to its actual, less positive execution. It’s difficult to identify greenwashing using self-reported data.
Because AI relies on external stakeholders, such as online forums or news sources, it offers an unbiased take on a company’s ESG performance. Additionally, by choosing an AI with ESG expertise built-in, you benefit from an expert analysis without increasing the burden on your team.
As the speed and amount of information available continues to grow, AI offers a scalable way to monitor your partners, suppliers and portfolio. To learn more and find out if AI is a good fit for your company, contact our experts at SESAMm.
As 2023 draws to a close, it's mind-blowing to reflect on the year's events. SESAMm experienced a remarkable year, beginning with a successful funding round in a challenging fundraising climate. We're grateful to our long-standing investors who renewed their trust by investing again and to our new investors who share our vision and have joined us on our journey.
Our mission, though consistent, has expanded to place greater emphasis on ESG. We see the combination of AI and ESG as crucial to the future of responsible investment and sustainable development. At SESAMm, we're committed to leading the way towards a more sustainable future.
To our esteemed C-suite team – my cofounders Pierre Rinaldi COO & Florian Aubry CTO, Marie-Charlotte Deucher CFO, Jorge Alvarez CMO, Eric Sionnet CDO – I am impressed by the successes you have achieved in 2023 and by your exceptional capacity to scale up and lead change across your teams and throughout the organization.
To the SESAMm team, I want to share my deepest appreciation to each and every one of you for your dedication, and unwavering commitment to our shared mission.
This year was filled with activity. We identified over 600k ESG controversies to aid our clients and partners, expanded our data lake by over 3 billion documents, won 5 prestigious awards, including placements on the ESG Fintech 100 and CB Insights Fintech 100 lists, and integrated Generative AI capabilities.
A highlight of the year was our ESG-focused team-building event in Belgium in September. Gathering with our global team for a few days of bonding and learning was an unparalleled experience.
None of this would have been possible without our investors, clients, advisors, and collaborators. Your support fuels our daily motivation to innovate and create. We have a strong vision that can only be realized with your continued partnership. Thank you for being a part of SESAMm in 2024!
We wish you a restful holiday season filled with joy and time spent with loved ones.
Sylvain Forté
CEO & Co-founder
SESAMm
SESAMm’s AI Technology Reveals ESG Insights
Discover unparalleled insights into ESG controversies, risks, and opportunities across industries. Learn more about how SESAMm can help you analyze millions of private and public companies using AI-powered text analysis tools.
Below is an approximation of this video’s audio content. Watch the video for a better view of graphs, charts, graphics, images, and quotes the presenter might be referring to in context.
Intro to SESAMm
Thank you very much, Greg. Thank you, everyone, for listening to this presentation. I’m Sylvain. I’m CEO and co-founder of SESAMm. SESAMm is an AI company. We extract billions of articles and messages from the web in order to identify critical insights related to financial institutions and corporates. We’re a team of close to a hundred people. And what we aim to show you today is our new product that helps financial institutions and corporates identify ESG controversies in the form of alerts on all of their investments, on all of their clients, and all of their suppliers.
So there are more than 23 million companies in the world right now. These companies are your investments, your suppliers, your clients, and no one is actually tracking them. Most of these companies are never tracked day to day. SESAMm’s solution aims at automatically identifying controversies on these companies and finding the critical information that you’re missing.
See a dashboard example
So let’s take a quick example first. Here we have dashboards where we analyze a company called Wirecard. Wirecard is a fintech company—German—that went bankrupt a few years ago due to a two billion fraud scandal. That company was heavily embedded into the financial sector, working with a lot of banks, a lot of corporates worldwide.
On our dashboards, we can immediately identify all of the key controversies and all of the key risks on the companies. And we have a score called a virality score that helps assess the severity of each ESG event so as to understand whether that company should be excluded from your list of suppliers, for example, or even discussed as a client.
SESAMm solution benefits
There are key benefits to providing this information and to the way that this product is brought to the market. First, SESAMm covers more companies than anyone else. We cover close to five million firms, whereas most ESG providers have coverage limited to 50,000 firms in total. In addition to that, we’re able to detect controversies in real time and generate daily alerts where normally a bank, for example, would have to go through that process manually and update it just a few times a year instead of receiving that live information.
In addition to that, as you can see on the demo here, we have information for more than 14 years of data. So anytime you onboard a new supplier, anytime you check for information—ESG information, on a new client, or on an investment—you’ll automatically be able to go back in history and understand whether that company was exposed to issues in the past.
Trusted by major financial institutions
SESAMm solutions are already adopted by major banks such as Raiffeisen or Nomura, for example, in this industry, major private equity firms such as Carlyle. And what’s interesting in this solution is that we’re seeing specific interests from commercial banks that are missing the solution in order to track ESG risk on their suppliers and their clients. And it makes sense. Most of these suppliers and clients are small firms, local firms that no one else is going to track. And AI is enabling us to automate the process of monitoring these firms and making sense of that data in real time.
SESAMm's solution in action
So now, let’s go to the second part of the demo. We want to take an actual life example. So let’s take a company like Twilio, for example. So you may know Twilio communications, API, messaging services, phone services, and the like. This company is a typical provider of banks or of financial institutions or any other corporates in the world.
So you see on the left, we immediately identify all of the information related to Twilio. And we can rank this based on negative sentiment so as to understand what are the key critical topics that I should care about and that I should evaluate before actually working with Twilio or in the context of already working with Twilio. We go through that process by handling more than 20 billion articles and messages from more than four million sources worldwide. So that’s an insanely large amount of information.
And on Twilio—say Twilio is one of your suppliers or one of your clients—we immediately identify a large controversy related to a data breach and cybersecurity issue, and we identified both in news but also in some of the specialized cybersecurity websites. In addition to that, we can go in even more granularity and look transparently at the content themselves, read the contents from the platform, and not just rely on a numeric rate saying that “Hey! This company is problematic.” We can actually read the underlying content and understand how the controversy emerged.
SESAMm solution benefits
So the key benefits and the real advantages of that solution is getting information immediately. You don’t have to wait for a due diligence for someone to check for someone to send a questionnaire to the company. You just type in the name, get the information in a few seconds wherever the company is, and however local that company is. It could be the most obscure company. And as you can see our system also covers many different languages, including Asian languages that are monitored automatically.
The second part is that we have access to millions of sources, including very industry-specific sources. I was mentioning cyberthreats. We also have access to NGO websites that identify these types of ESG issues in real time.
So this is really the information that is aimed at helping you monitor controversies and ESG events in just one place on any number of companies, public and private, whether they are your suppliers, your clients, or your investments. You can make sense of that data in real time using AI.
Presentation summary
I’ll finish this presentation a bit early, and we’ll actually bring the point to three calls to action. The first one is, first, please come to our booth. We’re actually on the left of the exhibit hall right when you come in. The second one is, please visit our website. It’s spelled SESAMm, sesamm.com, and you can get a free trial from the website. And finally, come talk to our amazing team with Dave and the rest of our team at our booth. And please ask us for a free POC—whether you’re a bank, an asset manager, or a fintech company—and help us help you track all of the ESG controversies on millions of companies.