In October 2022, this multinational integrated energy and petroleum company found itself in the crosshairs of two non-government organizations (NGOs), accusing it of "exploiting a gas field used to manufacture kerosene used by Russian planes in their bombings in Ukraine," according to the French daily Le Monde. The accusations expressly point out the 16 March 2022 strike, which killed around 600 civilians taking shelter at a Mariupol theatre.

The company? TotalEnergies.

The NGOs? Razom We Stand (Ukraine) and Darwin Climax Coalitions (France).

Also, in October, TotalEnergies posted a third-quarter net profit amid these allegations. "The French group reported an adjusted net income of $9.86 billion, compared with $4.77 billion for the same period in 2021 and $9.8 billion in the second quarter of this year," per Reuters.

Should investors and asset and portfolio managers be concerned? Is this one instance of allegations a nothing burger, or is it a sign—one of many red flags—to evaluate? Let's find out in this edition of Alternative Data Trends: TotalEnergies.

Analyzing TotalEnergies's ESG and sentiment data

Company polarity and mentions volume

In the last year, mentions of TotalEnergies have gradually increased, spiking in March 2022. The spike in mentions coincides with a dip in the company's sentiment. These abrupt changes occurred when news broke about a lawsuit targeting TotalEnergies, claiming that the oil and gas group misled the public in its rebranding campaign, and a former French presidential candidate, Yannick Jadot, accused TotalEnergies of being complicit in war crimes.

After the spike in controversies in March 2022, TotalEnergies's web mentions continued to increase. And as a reflection of the mentions volume increases, the company's polarity decreases, moving in the direction of negative sentiment. News events triggering these movements include the legal case for allegedly fuelling Russian bombers and refinery strikes over wages.

ESG risks

A screening of TotalEnergies's ESG risks uncovers a similar trend. For example, our platform detects an increase in social risks as early as January 2022. This signal coincides with the company's exit from Myanmar because of human rights abuses.

Examining TotalEnergies's environmental risks

Environmental-related mentions volume

Let's take a closer look at TotalEnergies's environmental risks, specifically for general environmental strategy, climate change and atmospheric pollution, and biodiversity. The topic of climate change and atmospheric pollution takes the largest share of mentions. Web data driving this volume include:

• Accusations of downplaying climate risks
• TotalEnergies sued for alleged greenwashing.
• Investors pressuring TotalEnergies to align with the Paris Climate Agreement
• Pan-African civil society pressures TotalEnergies to halt EACOP
• Oil leak at TotalEnergies in Antwerp
• Paris and New York join climate litigation against TotalEnergies.

Studying TotalEnergies's social risks

Social-related mentions volume

TotalEnergies's social risks reveal even more controversies, looking at human rights, human capital, and customer relations topics. Human rights and human capital topics almost equally dominate topic mentions. Controversies highlighting the human rights topic include:

• Total and Le Drian turn a blind eye to a torture center in Yemen.
• Lawsuits regarding affiliations with oil projects in East Africa linked to the eviction of more than 100,000 people.
• And more.

Human capital topic controversies include:

• Multiple strikes on TotalEnergies's UK offshore platforms
• French union calls all-out strike for wages at TotalEnergies

Gauging TotalEnergies's governance risks

Governance-related mentions volume

Finally, let's look at TotalEnergies's governance risk, specifically within topics for influence strategy and communication, corruption, and board of directors (executive and company management). The influence strategy and communication topic dominates the mentions volume. These controversies relate to greenwashing, such as:

• Protests due to false claims regarding the company's transition to a "zero oil platform"
• Clashes with Greenpeace over 'inaccurate' greenwash claims
• Controversial rebranding
• Downplaying climate risks
• Misleading commercial practices

Recapping TotalEnergies's ESG risks and public perception

We only scratched the web data surface for information on TotalEnergies, but even with this overview, you can probably see a pattern. Should investors, asset managers, and portfolio managers be concerned about the latest allegations against TotalEnergies? Maybe. At the very least, the data shows you should dig into the research and ask more questions to mitigate any risks in your portfolio companies.

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SESAMm is a leading NLP technology company serving global investment firms, corporations, and investors, such as private equity firms, hedge funds, and other asset management firms, by providing datasets or NLP capabilities to generate their own alternative data for use cases, such as ESG and SDG, sentiment, private equity due diligence, corporation studies, and more.

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The rapid growth of social media companies has created significant ESG challenges, particularly in the areas of data privacy, content moderation, and corporate governance.

Meta and ByteDance, in particular, have been hit with lawsuits and fines related to data breaches, privacy violations, harmful content affecting minors, labor practices, and antitrust, with regulatory bodies across the US, EU, and Asia increasing scrutiny of their data collection practices.

Let’s dive into some of the key ESG challenges facing the social networking industry.

Meta Platforms Inc.: Privacy Breaches and Regulatory Scrutiny

Meta, the mother company of some of the most used social platforms, Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp, has faced numerous ESG challenges over the years, including privacy breaches, data misuse, and content moderation issues. 2025 is off to a rocky start, with the company facing a new lawsuit over personal data usage for targeted ads. In 2024, Meta was fined €251 million for a 2018 data breach and faced fines in South Korea and Nigeria for unlawful data collection and antitrust trials regarding Instagram and WhatsApp. In 2023, it addressed issues related to minors and employee treatment. Previous years included fines over the Cambridge Analytica scandal and minors' privacy violations, highlighting ongoing governance and privacy risks amidst regulatory scrutiny.

Key Controversies:

• Meta Faces Lawsuits Over Targeted Advertising and Data Use
• EU Fines Meta €251 Million for 2018 Data Breach
• Meta Settles $1.4B Privacy Lawsuit Over Facial Recognition
• Meta Faces Antitrust Trial Over Instagram and WhatsApp Acquisitions
• Meta Fined for Violating Consumer and Data Laws in S.Korea and Nigeria
• Meta Censors Pro-Palestinian Content Amid Global Tensions
• Content Moderators in Kenya Sue Meta Over Working Conditions and 'union-busting'
• Meta Settles $725M Lawsuit Over Cambridge Analytica Privacy Scandal

ByteDance Ltd (TikTok): National Security Risks and Content Concerns

In recent years, TikTok has faced significant ESG risks as U.S. politicians labeled it a national security threat, leading to data privacy concerns and investigations in the EU. By 2022, it incurred major fines, including a £27 million penalty in the UK for data breaches. In 2023, child safety and harmful content lawsuits increased, prompting government bans on official devices in the U.S., UK, and EU. In 2024, TikTok lost its appeal against a U.S. ban, while countries like Canada and Albania imposed restrictions. A 2025 Supreme Court ruling heightened the risk of a complete ban, highlighting ongoing legal challenges.

Key Controversies:

• TikTok Faces Lawsuits Over Harmful Content and Security Concerns
• TikTok Hit with Multiple Fines and Investigations Over Privacy Violations
• Bans and Restrictions Over National Security Risks‍
• TikTok Sued by Parents and States for Impact on Minors' Mental Health‍
• US Government and Several States Move Toward TikTok Ban‍
• CEO Faces Congressional Testimony on Security and Privacy Concerns‍
• TikTok Faces Backlash Over 'Blackout Challenge' and Content for Kids
• Allegations of Discrimination and Toxic Work Culture‍
• TikTok Fined £27M in UK for Data Protection Breach

X Corp: Hate Speech and Misinformation

Since Elon Musk's acquisition of X (formerly Twitter), the platform has faced major controversies over hate speech and misinformation. Legal issues from the $44 billion buyout and a $150 million settlement for security breaches surfaced in 2022, along with fines in Russia and India. In 2023, X received backlash for hosting anti-Semitic content, leading to advertiser losses and lawsuits. The EU initiated investigations into disinformation, and by 2024, X faced fines in Brazil and Australia, GDPR complaints, and class action lawsuits related to age discrimination and mass layoffs, raising concerns about its online impact.

Key Controversies:

• X Faces Multiple Lawsuits and Fines for Hate Speech, Misinformation, and Privacy Violations
• X Under Investigation for Disinformation, and Biased Algorithms
• X Hit with Large Fines for Data Violations and Misleading Practices
• US SEC Sues Musk for $150M Twitter Shareholder Fraud
• X Faces Legal Challenges Over Mass Layoffs, Age Bias Claims, and Former Executives Severance Payments
• Global Boycott of X Grows Amid Rising Hate Speech and Toxicity Since Musk’s Acquisition

KakaoTalk: Privacy and Market Manipulation

Kakao has faced moderate ESG risks, notably privacy issues and market behavior controversies. In 2024, the company was fined $11.1 million due to a KakaoTalk data breach. Additionally, in 2023, Kakao faced investigations over market manipulation linked to its SM Entertainment acquisition and experienced security vulnerabilities enabling fraudulent activities. Despite these concerns, Kakao's service outages and monopolistic practice allegations have had less severe impacts compared to industry peers.

Key Controversies:

• Kakao Faces Privacy Fine Equivalent to $11.1 Million for Data Leak
• Kakao Challenges Record Fine Over Personal Data Breach
• Regulator to review Kakao's acquisition of SM Entertainment
• Kakao Faces Scrutiny Over Fake Business Channels and Security Flaws
• FTC Investigates KakaoTalk's Market Dominance After South Korea Outage
• Hundreds Fall Victim to Major KakaoTalk Pyramid Scheme Scam

RedNote (Xiaohongshu): Censorship and Privacy

REDnote (Xiaohongshu) has fewer ESG issues compared to its peers, facing challenges primarily related to censorship, privacy, and regulatory compliance. In 2025, Texas banned its use on government devices due to security concerns. Earlier, REDnote encountered legal challenges over AI-generated art copyrights (2023), a Taiwan-imposed national security ban (2022), layoffs due to restructuring (2022), and fines by Chinese regulators for inappropriate content involving minors (2021).

Key Controversies:

• Texas Governor Issues Ban on RedNote for Use on Government Devices
• Xiaohongshu Faces Legal Challenges Over AI-Generated Art and Copyright Infringement
• Taiwan issues ban on Xiaohongshu
• Xiaohongshu's Concerns Amid Censorship and Government Compliance
• China's Xiaohongshu Announces Staff Layoffs
• Xiaohongshu Suspected of Compromising Minors' Privacy
• China Fines Tech Giants Including Xiaohongshu for Spreading Soft Pornography Involving Minors

Conclusion

The social networking industry continues to grapple with significant ESG challenges related to data privacy, harmful content, and corporate governance. Major companies such as Meta, ByteDance, X Corp, KakaoTalk, and REDnote face ongoing regulatory scrutiny, fines, and lawsuits, highlighting persistent ethical concerns. While these issues pressure platforms to improve transparency and governance practices, they also underscore the industry's substantial risks and responsibilities to users and stakeholders.

Reach out to SESAMm

TextReveal’s web data analysis of over five million public and private companies is essential for keeping tabs on ESG investment risks. To learn more about how you can analyze web data or to request a demo, reach out to one of our representatives.

In private equity, as in most industries, decision-making counts on accessing accurate and valuable information. However, these firms often encounter significant challenges when sourcing reliable data, especially when dealing with small, private companies. This article dives into the complexities of identifying high-quality information on smaller companies and underscores its value in investment decisions, operational efficiency, and risk management. It also explores how advanced artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are revolutionizing the identification of these risks, leading to higher rewards and more secure investments, thus providing a competitive edge.

The challenge of identifying valuable information for Smaller Firms

Lack of valuable data

Sturgeon's Law, which states that "Ninety percent of everything is crap (or noise)," becomes particularly relevant in the context of data sourcing. For private equity and investment firms focused on small companies, finding the golden nuggets of information amid the overwhelming amount of digital noise can be daunting. The data available on these companies is often sparse, fragmented, and difficult to uncover using conventional methods. This scarcity of reliable information makes it challenging for private equity firms to make informed decisions, heightening the risk of overlooking critical issues that could impact their investment process.

The difficulties extend beyond just locating information. Many small companies operate without a significant online presence or may not be required to disclose as much information as publicly traded firms. This lack of transparency can further blur critical data points. Furthermore, the data that is available is often unstructured, residing in various forms such as social media posts, obscure local news articles, or industry-specific reports. Extracting meaningful insights from these disparate sources requires sophisticated data processing capabilities, which traditional methods often lack. As a result, private equity firms are left with a significant challenge: how to separate valuable data from the noise without missing critical risk indicators, thereby optimizing their deal sourcing and investment strategies.

Diverse language and terminology

Smaller firms frequently face existential risks, and the potential rewards for identifying these risks early on can be significant for the private equity firms that invest in them. However, mainstream methods of risk identification often fall short, as these companies may not use standardized language to describe materiality. Instead, risks are discussed in varied and context-specific ways, complicating the task of recognizing relevant information. Therefore, it is essential to adopt a specialized approach that analyzes and decodes these firms' unique terminologies and business idiosyncrasies, ultimately translating them into a standardized language that can be effectively used in risk assessment.

The diversity in language is not just a barrier to risk identification but also to the communication of these risks within and between private equity firms. When a small firm uses industry-specific jargon or localized expressions to describe potential threats, it can lead to misunderstandings or underestimations of the actual risk. For instance, a manufacturing startup in a developing country might describe supply chain disruptions in terms that do not translate easily to a global investor’s risk framework. Additionally, cultural differences in how risk is perceived and reported can lead to further complications. This linguistic diversity necessitates the use of advanced natural language processing tools that can interpret data through a common lens while considering industry-specific contexts. For an insurance company, understanding financial models, insurance principles, and regulatory frameworks is crucial. Conversely, assessing risks for a beauty company requires a focus on product safety, consumer preferences, and market trends. By appreciating the specific contexts of each industry, private equity firms can better identify and evaluate potential risks, enhancing decision-making processes, risk and portfolio management strategies, and operational efficiency.

The dynamic nature of the industries themselves further complicates the challenge. For example, the tech industry evolves rapidly, with new risks emerging as technologies develop and consumer expectations shift. What might be considered a negligible risk today could become a significant issue tomorrow as regulatory landscapes, market conditions, and technological advancements alter the playing field. In contrast, industries like agriculture or real estate might have more stable risk profiles but are subject to sudden changes due to environmental factors or policy shifts. This variability across industries means that a one-size-fits-all approach to risk assessment is inadequate. Private equity firms must adopt flexible, industry-specific risk models that can adapt to the unique characteristics and evolving landscapes of the sectors they invest in, thus optimizing their AI capabilities.

The Power of AI in Enhancing Risk Management in Small Firms

AI technologies, particularly natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning algorithms, are important tools for private equity firms aiming to monitor and manage risks in small firms. These technologies can sift through vast amounts of data, extracting the valuable 10% and identifying patterns, trends, and subtle nuances in the language used to describe risks. By detecting these patterns, AI can reveal potential risks that might not be immediately apparent through traditional methods. This proactive approach to risk identification allows firms to address issues before they escalate, providing a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the risks facing small firms.

AI's ability to process unstructured data is particularly valuable in this context. Many of the risks that small firms face are discussed informally in places like social media, niche blogs, or local news outlets. Traditional risk management tools might overlook these sources, but AI-powered tools can analyze them in real-time, detecting emerging threats as they develop. Moreover, AI can cross-reference these insights with structured data from financial reports, regulatory filings, and other formal documents to create a holistic risk profile. This multidimensional analysis helps private equity firms not only identify risks but also understand their potential impact, enabling more informed, data-driven decision-making that enhances operational efficiency and competitive edge.

Beyond risk identification, AI also enhances risk mitigation strategies. By continuously monitoring data and learning from new information, AI systems can adapt to changing conditions, offering updated risk assessments that reflect the latest developments. This dynamic approach allows private equity firms to stay ahead of potential issues, making it possible to implement preventative measures rather than reacting to crises after they occur. In this way, AI capabilities contribute significantly to the optimization of risk management processes.

How SESAMm’s Advanced Technology Enhances Risk Assessment

SESAMm’s TextReveal® is at the forefront of this technological revolution, enabling private equity firms to efficiently navigate the vast digital landscape and extract the crucial information needed for informed decision-making. Through our proprietary data lake amounting to over 25 billion online articles with 15 years of historical data and our AI algorithms, TextReveal® can quickly identify and retrieve valuable insights, even when the information is deeply buried or highly specific. The tool's ability to analyze and understand the diverse language and terminology used in discussions about risks on the web empowers private equity firms to objectively assess the materiality of certain risks or identify emerging threats that have yet to be formally recognized.

TextReveal® goes beyond merely identifying risks—it categorizes them, providing context that helps private equity firms understand the severity and relevance of each risk. For example, if a small biotech firm is mentioned in discussions about regulatory hurdles, TextReveal® can determine whether these mentions are isolated incidents or part of a broader trend. It can also assess whether the language used suggests an imminent threat or a longer-term concern, enabling firms to prioritize their responses accordingly. Additionally, TextReveal® integrates sentiment analysis, which can gauge the overall tone of discussions surrounding a company, offering further actionable insights into potential reputational risks.

SESAMm has developed a proprietary metric – the Intensity Score, which calculates an event's relevance based on its news coverage and sentiment. It uses negative sentiment, article dispersion, and empirical ESG risk measures to determine how likely an article is to represent a high-risk controversy. The Intensity Score gives TextReveal users a clear understanding of which events require their attention.

Users can also opt to receive email alerts for the more severe controversies, ensuring they’re always aware of significant risks.
In addition to the severity, controversies are also categorized by risk and sub–risk type, making it easy to analyze specific areas of concern.

Moreover, SESAMm's platform is designed to be intuitive and user-friendly, making it accessible to investment professionals who may not have a technical background. This ease of use ensures private equity firms can quickly incorporate AI-driven insights into their risk management processes without a steep learning curve. By streamlining the data analysis process, TextReveal® allows firms to focus on strategic decision-making, confident they have a comprehensive understanding of the risks and opportunities associated with their investments and portfolio companies. This level of operational efficiency and optimization is key to maintaining a competitive edge in the fast-paced world of private equity.

TextReveal’s Risk Assessment module enables deep company and thematic research in multiple languages through on-the-fly keyword searches. Users have full access to articles, sentiment analysis, and trending topics to get a complete understanding of the risks. We’ve even developed an AI Text Summary feature that provides a quick summary of a selected article, saving time and enabling a faster analysis.

In summary, the integration of AI tools and natural language processing technologies is transforming risk management in private equity, particularly for firms dealing with small, private companies. By leveraging these advanced tools, private equity firms can enhance their due diligence processes, better monitor risks and controversies, and ultimately make more informed investment decisions that lead to higher rewards and operational efficiency.

Reach out to SESAMm

TextReveal's web data analysis of over five million public and private companies is essential for keeping tabs on ESG investment risks. To learn more about how you can analyze web data or request a demo, contact one of our representatives.